What Is The Smallest Taxonomic Group For Which An Animal Can Be Classified?

Level in a taxonomic hierarchy

The major ranks: domain, kingdom, phylum, grade, order, family, genus, and species, applied to the red play a trick on, Vulpes vulpes.

In biological nomenclature, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a grouping of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, etc.

A given rank subsumes under information technology less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above information technology, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors. The rank of any species and the description of its genus is basic; which ways that to identify a particular organism, information technology is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these kickoff two.^[one]

Consider a particular species, the cherry fox, Vulpes vulpes: the adjacent rank above, the genus Vulpes, comprises all the "true" foxes. Their closest relatives are in the immediately higher rank, the family Canidae, which includes dogs, wolves, jackals, and all foxes; the next higher rank, the order Carnivora, includes caniforms (bears, seals, weasels, skunks, raccoons and all those mentioned above), and feliforms (cats, civets, hyenas, mongooses). Carnivorans are one group of the hairy, warm-blooded, nursing members of the course Mammalia, which are classified among animals with backbones in the phylum Chordata, and with them among all animals in the kingdom Animalia. Finally, at the highest rank all of these are grouped together with all other organisms possessing prison cell nuclei in the domain Eukarya.

The International Code of Zoological Classification defines rank every bit: "The level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily)."^[2]

Main ranks [edit]

In his landmark publications, such as the Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to: kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and 1 rank below species. Today, nomenclature is regulated past the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, social club, family, genus, species. In addition, domain (proposed by Carl Woese) is at present widely used equally a cardinal rank, although information technology is non mentioned in any of the classification codes, and is a synonym for dominion (lat. dominium), introduced by Moore in 1974.^{[three] [iv]}

Main taxonomic ranks

Latin	English language
regio	domain
regnum	kingdom
phylum	phylum (in zoology) / sectionalisation (in botany)
classis	form
ordo	lodge
familia	family
genus	genus
species	species

A taxon is ordinarily assigned a rank when it is given its formal name. The basic ranks are species and genus. When an organism is given a species proper name it is assigned to a genus, and the genus name is part of the species name.

The species proper noun is also called a binomial, that is, a 2-term name. For case, the zoological proper noun for the human species is Man sapiens. This is usually italicized in print, or underlined when italics are not available. In this case, Homo is the generic name and it is capitalized; sapiens indicates the species and information technology is not capitalized.

Ranks in zoology [edit]

There are definitions of the following taxonomic ranks in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: superfamily, family, subfamily, tribe, subtribe, genus, subgenus, species, subspecies.

The International Lawmaking of Zoological Nomenclature divides names into "family-group names", "genus-group names" and "species-group names". The Lawmaking explicitly mentions the following ranks for these categories:

---

Superfamily

Family

Subfamily

Tribe

Subtribe

---

Genus

Subgenus

---

Species

Subspecies

---

The rules in the Code apply to the ranks of superfamily to subspecies, and only to some extent to those higher up the rank of superfamily. Among "genus-group names" and "species-group names" no further ranks are officially allowed. Zoologists sometimes use additional terms such as species group, species subgroup, species complex and superspecies for convenience as actress, merely unofficial, ranks between the subgenus and species levels in taxa with many species, eastward.g. the genus Drosophila. (Note the potentially confusing utilise of "species grouping" as both a category of ranks likewise as an unofficial rank itself.^{[ commendation needed ]})

At higher ranks (family and above) a lower level may exist denoted by adding the prefix "infra", meaning lower, to the rank. For example, infragild (below suborder) or infrafamily (below subfamily).

Names of zoological taxa [edit]

• A taxon above the rank of species has a scientific name in ane office (a uninominal proper name).
• A species has a name composed of ii parts (a binomial name or binomen): generic proper name + specific proper name; for example Canis lupus.
• A subspecies has a name composed of three parts (a trinomial name or trinomen): generic name + specific name + subspecific proper name; for example Canis lupus italicus. Equally there is merely one possible rank below that of species, no connecting term to point rank is needed or used.

Ranks in botany [edit]

According to Fine art 3.one of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) the nigh important ranks of taxa are: kingdom, sectionalization or phylum, course, order, family, genus, and species. According to Art 4.1 the secondary ranks of taxa are tribe, department, serial, variety and class. At that place is an indeterminate number of ranks. The ICN explicitly mentions:^[v]

---

primary ranks

secondary ranks

farther ranks

---

kingdom (regnum)

subregnum

sectionalization or phylum (divisio, phylum)

subdivisio or subphylum

course (classis)

subclassis

order (ordo)

subordo

---

family (familia)

subfamilia

tribe (tribus)

subtribus

genus (genus)

subgenus

section (sectio)

subsection

series (series)

subseries

species (species)

subspecies

variety (varietas)

subvarietas

grade (forma)

subforma

---

There are definitions of the post-obit taxonomic categories in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants: cultivar group, cultivar, grex.

The rules in the ICN employ primarily to the ranks of family and below, and just to some extent to those above the rank of family unit. Also encounter descriptive botanical proper name.

Names of botanical taxa [edit]

Taxa at the rank of genus and to a higher place accept a botanical proper name in one office (unitary proper noun); those at the rank of species and above (but below genus) have a botanical name in two parts (binary proper noun); all taxa beneath the rank of species have a botanical proper noun in three parts (an infraspecific proper name). To indicate the rank of the infraspecific name, a "connecting term" is needed. Thus Poa secunda subsp. juncifolia, where "subsp." is an abbreviation for "subspecies", is the proper name of a subspecies of Poa secunda.^[6]

Hybrids can be specified either by a "hybrid formula" that specifies the parentage, or may be given a name. For hybrids receiving a hybrid name, the same ranks apply, prefixed with notho (Greek: 'bastard'), with nothogenus equally the highest permitted rank.^[vii]

Outdated names for botanical ranks [edit]

If a unlike term for the rank was used in an old publication, just the intention is clear, botanical nomenclature specifies certain substitutions:^{[ commendation needed ]}

• If names were "intended equally names of orders, just published with their rank denoted by a term such equally": "cohors" [Latin for "cohort";^[viii] see besides cohort study for the use of the term in environmental], "nixus", "alliance", or "Reihe" instead of "order" (Article 17.2), they are treated as names of orders.
• "Family" is substituted for "order" (ordo) or "natural order" (ordo naturalis) under certain conditions where the modern pregnant of "order" was not intended. (Article 18.2)
• "Subfamily is substituted for "suborder" (subordo) nether sure atmospheric condition where the modern meaning of "suborder" was not intended. (Article 19.2)
• In a publication prior to 1 January 1890, if only 1 infraspecific rank is used, it is considered to be that of diverseness. (Article 37.4) This normally applies to publications that labelled infraspecific taxa with Greek messages, α, β, γ, ...

Examples [edit]

Classifications of five species follow: the fruit fly familiar in genetics laboratories (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Human being sapiens), the peas used by Gregor Mendel in his discovery of genetics (Pisum sativum), the "wing agaric" mushroom Amanita muscaria, and the bacterium Escherichia coli. The viii major ranks are given in bold; a selection of minor ranks are given also.

Tabular array notes

• In club to keep the table compact and avert disputed technicalities, some common and uncommon intermediate ranks are omitted. For example, the mammals of Europe, Africa, and upper North America^[a] are in class Mammalia, legion Cladotheria, sublegion Zatheria, infralegion Tribosphenida, subclass Theria, clade Eutheria, clade Placentalia – but only Mammalia and Theria are in the table. Legitimate arguments might arise if the commonly used clades Eutheria and Placentalia were both included, over which is the rank "infraclass" and what the other's rank should be, or whether the 2 names are synonyms.
• The ranks of higher taxa, particularly intermediate ranks, are prone to revision as new information about relationships is discovered. For example, the flowering plants have been downgraded from a sectionalisation (Magnoliophyta) to a subclass (Magnoliidae), and the superorder has become the rank that distinguishes the major groups of flowering plants.^[9] The traditional nomenclature of primates (class Mammalia, subclass Theria, infraclass Eutheria, order Primates) has been modified by new classifications such equally McKenna and Bell (class Mammalia, subclass Theriformes, infraclass Holotheria) with Theria and Eutheria assigned lower ranks between infraclass and the club Primates. Meet mammal classification for a discussion. These differences arise because there are few available ranks and many branching points in the fossil record.
• Within species further units may exist recognised. Animals may be classified into subspecies (for example, Homo sapiens sapiens, modern humans) or morphs (for example Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus, the pied raven). Plants may be classified into subspecies (for case, Pisum sativum subsp. sativum, the garden pea) or varieties (for instance, Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon, snow pea), with cultivated plants getting a cultivar name (for example, Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon 'Snowbird'). Bacteria may exist classified by strains (for instance Escherichia coli O157:H7, a strain that can cause nutrient poisoning).

Terminations of names [edit]

Taxa above the genus level are often given names based on the blazon genus, with a standard termination. The terminations used in forming these names depend on the kingdom (and sometimes the phylum and class) as set out in the table beneath.

Pronunciations given are the most Anglicized. More Latinate pronunciations are also mutual, particularly rather than for stressed a.

Rank	Bacteria[10]	Plants	Algae	Fungi	Animals	Viruses[11]
Division/phylum		-ophyta[12]		-mycota		-viricota
Subdivision/subphylum		-phytina[12]		-mycotina		-viricotina
Class	-ia	-opsida	-phyceae	-mycetes		-viricetes
Bracket	-idae		-phycidae	-mycetidae		-viricetidae
Superorder		-anae
Order	-ales				-ida or -iformes	-virales
Suborder	-ineae					-virineae
Infraorder		-aria
Superfamily		-acea			-oidea
Epifamily					-oidae
Family	-aceae				-idae	-viridae
Subfamily	-oideae				-inae	-virineae
Infrafamily					-odd [13]
Tribe	-eae				-ini
Subtribe	-inae				-ina
Infratribe					-advertisement or -iti

Table notes

• In botany and mycology names at the rank of family and below are based on the name of a genus, sometimes called the type genus of that taxon, with a standard ending. For example, the rose family, Rosaceae, is named later the genus Rosa, with the standard ending "-aceae" for a family. Names higher up the rank of family are likewise formed from a generic proper name, or are descriptive (like Gymnospermae or Fungi).
• For animals, in that location are standard suffixes for taxa only up to the rank of superfamily.^[xiv] Uniform suffix has been suggested (just not recommended) in AAAS^[15] equally -ida for orders, for example; protozoologists seem to adopt this system. Many metazoan (higher animals) orders also accept such suffix, e.k. Hyolithida and Nectaspida (Naraoiida).
• Forming a proper noun based on a generic proper name may be non straightforward. For case, the homo has the genitive hominis , thus the genus Human (homo) is in the Hominidae, not "Homidae".
• The ranks of epifamily, infrafamily and infratribe (in animals) are used where the complexities of phyletic branching crave effectively-than-usual distinctions. Although they fall below the rank of superfamily, they are not regulated under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and hence practice non have formal standard endings. The suffixes listed hither are regular, but informal.^[16]
• In virology, the formal endings for taxa of viroids and of satellite nucleic acids are similar to viruses, merely -vir- is replaced past -viroid-, -satellit-.^[11]

All ranks [edit]

There is an indeterminate number of ranks, as a taxonomist may invent a new rank at will, at any time, if they feel this is necessary. In doing and so, there are some restrictions, which will vary with the classification code which applies.

The following is an artificial synthesis, solely for purposes of demonstration of relative rank (just see notes), from about general to about specific:^[17]

• Domain or Empire
  • Subdomain (biology)
• Realm (in virology)^[11]
  • Subrealm (in virology)^[eleven]
• Hyperkingdom
  • Superkingdom
    • Kingdom
      • Subkingdom
        • Infrakingdom
          • Parvkingdom
• Superphylum, or superdivision (in phytology)
  • Phylum, or segmentation (in botany)
    • Subphylum, or subdivision (in botany)
      • Infraphylum, or infradivision (in botany)
        • Microphylum
• Superclass
  • Class
    • Subclass
      • Infraclass
        • Subterclass
          • Parvclass
• Superdivision (in zoology)^[18]
  • Division (in zoology)^[18]
    • Subdivision (in zoology)^[xviii]
      • Infradivision (in zoology)^[18]
• Superlegion (in zoology)
  • Legion (in zoology)
    • Sublegion (in zoology)
      • Infralegion (in zoology)
• Supercohort (in zoology)^[xix]
  • Cohort (in zoology)^[19]
    • Subcohort (in zoology)^[19]
      • Infracohort (in zoology)^[19]
• Gigaorder (in zoology)^[20]
  • Magnorder or megaorder (in zoology)^[20]
    • Grandorder or capaxorder (in zoology)^[20]
      • Mirorder or hyperorder (in zoology)^[20]
        • Superorder
          • Serial (for fish)
            • Order
              • Parvorder (position in some zoological classifications)
                • Nanorder (in zoology)
                  • Hypoorder (in zoology)
                    • Minorder (in zoology)
                      • Suborder
                        • Infraorder
                          • Parvorder (usual position), or microorder (in zoology)^[20]
• Department (in zoology)
  • Subsection (in zoology)
• Gigafamily (in zoology)
  • Megafamily (in zoology)
    • Grandfamily (in zoology)
      • Hyperfamily (in zoology)
        • Superfamily
          • Epifamily (in zoology)
            • Series (for Lepidoptera)
              • Group (for Lepidoptera)
                • Family
                  • Subfamily
                    • Infrafamily
• Supertribe
  • Tribe
    • Subtribe
      • Infratribe
• Supergenus
  • Genus
    • Subgenus
      • Section (in botany)
        • Subsection (in botany)
          • Serial (in botany)
            • Subseries (in botany)
• Superspecies or Species-group
  • Species
    • Subspecies, or forma specialis (for fungi), or pathovar (for bacteria)^[21])
      • Diversity or varietas (in phytology); or form or morph (in zoology) or aberration (in lepidopterology)
        • Subvariety (in botany)
          • Form or forma (in botany)
            • Subform (in botany)

Significance and issues [edit]

Ranks are assigned based on subjective dissimilarity, and exercise not fully reverberate the gradational nature of variation within nature. In virtually cases, higher taxonomic groupings arise further back in time: not because the charge per unit of diversification was college in the past, but because each subsequent diversification consequence results in an increment of diverseness and thus increases the taxonomic rank assigned by nowadays-day taxonomists.^[22] Furthermore, some groups have many described species non because they are more than diverse than other species, only because they are more hands sampled and studied than other groups.^{[ citation needed ]}

Of these many ranks, the nigh basic is species. All the same, this is not to say that a taxon at any other rank may not be sharply defined, or that whatsoever species is guaranteed to be sharply divers. It varies from case to example. Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a clade, that is, the phylogeny of the organisms nether discussion, but this is non a requirement.^{[ commendation needed ]}

A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny. Since taxon names are dependent on ranks in traditional Linnaean systems of nomenclature, taxa without ranks cannot exist given names. Alternative approaches, such as using circumscriptional names, avoid this problem.^{[23] [24]} The theoretical difficulty with superimposing taxonomic ranks over evolutionary copse is manifested as the boundary paradox which may be illustrated by Darwinian evolutionary models.

There are no rules for how many species should make a genus, a family, or any other higher taxon (that is, a taxon in a category above the species level).^{[25] [26]} It should be a natural grouping (that is, not-artificial, non-polyphyletic), as judged by a biologist, using all the information available to them. Every bit ranked higher taxa in different phyla are not necessarily equivalent (e.g., it is wrong to assume that families of insects are in some way evolutionarily comparable to families of mollusks).^[26] For animals, at least the phylum rank is unremarkably associated with a certain body plan, which is also, yet, an capricious criterion.^{[ citation needed ]}

Mnemonic [edit]

There are several acronyms intended to help memorise the taxonomic hierarchy, such as "Rex Phillip came over for great spaghetti". Run into taxonomy mnemonic.

See besides [edit]

• Breed
• Catalogue of Life (a database)
• Cladistics
• Landrace
• Tree of life (biology)

Footnotes [edit]

1. ^ The Virginia opossum is an exception.

References [edit]

1. ^ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code". IAPT-Taxon.org. 2012. Articles 2 and iii.
2. ^ International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature (1999), International Lawmaking of Zoological Nomenclature. Quaternary Edition, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature
3. ^ Moore, R. T. (1974). "Proposal for the recognition of super ranks" (PDF). Taxon. 23 (iv): 650–652. doi:ten.2307/1218807. JSTOR 1218807.
4. ^ Luketa, S. (2012). "New views on the megaclassification of life" (PDF). Protistology. 7 (four): 218–237.
5. ^ "International Code of Classification for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code". IAPT-Taxon.org. 2012. Articles 3 and 4.
6. ^ "International Lawmaking of Classification for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code". IAPT-Taxon.org. 2012. Articles 4.2 and 24.i.
7. ^ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code". IAPT-Taxon.org. 2012. Commodity 3.2, and Appendix 1, Articles H.1–3.
8. ^ Stearn, W.T. 1992. Botanical Latin: History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary, Quaternary edition. David and Charles.
9. ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 122–127, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.ten
10. ^ Euzéby, J. P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet (13 Dec. 2007 version)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–592. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655.
11. ^ ^{a b c d} "ICTV Lawmaking. Section 3.Four, § 3.23; section 3.V, §§ 3.27-3.28." International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. October 2018. Retrieved 28 Nov 2018.
12. ^ ^{a b} "International Code of Classification for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)". IAPT-Taxon.org. 2018. Article 16.
13. ^ For example, the chelonian infrafamilies Chelodd (Gaffney & Meylan 1988: 169) and Baenodd (ibid., 176).
14. ^ ICZN article 29.ii
15. ^ Pearse, A.S. (1936) Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders, prepared for department F, American Association for the Advancement of Science. American Association for the Advocacy of Science, p. 4
16. ^ As supplied past Gaffney & Meylan (1988).
17. ^ For the general usage and coordination of zoological ranks between the phylum and family unit levels, including many intercalary ranks, see Carroll (1988). For additional intercalary ranks in zoology, encounter specially Gaffney & Meylan (1988); McKenna & Bell (1997); Milner (1988); Novacek (1986, cit. in Carroll 1988: 499, 629); and Paul Sereno'southward 1986 classification of ornithischian dinosaurs as reported in Lambert (1990: 149, 159). For botanical ranks, including many intercalary ranks, see Willis & McElwain (2002).
18. ^ ^{a b c d} These are movable ranks, nigh often inserted between the form and the legion or cohort. Nevertheless, their positioning in the zoological hierarchy may be subject to wide variation. For examples, see the Benton classification of vertebrates (2005).
19. ^ ^{a b c d} In zoological classification, the accomplice and its associated group of ranks are inserted between the course group and the ordinal group. The cohort has besides been used between infraorder and family unit in saurischian dinosaurs (Benton 2005). In botanical classification, the cohort group has sometimes been inserted between the division (phylum) group and the class grouping: see Willis & McElwain (2002: 100–101), or has sometimes been used at the rank of gild, and is now considered to be an obsolete proper noun for order: See International Lawmaking of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, Melbourne Code 2012, Article 17.2.
20. ^ ^{a b c d e} The supra-ordinal sequence gigaorder–megaorder–capaxorder–hyperorder (and the microorder, in roughly the position most oftentimes assigned to the parvorder) has been employed in turtles at least (Gaffney & Meylan 1988), while the parallel sequence magnorder–grandorder–mirorder figures in recently influential classifications of mammals. It is unclear from the sources how these two sequences are to be coordinated (or interwoven) within a unitary zoological hierarchy of ranks. Previously, Novacek (1986) and McKenna-Bell (1997) had inserted mirorders and grandorders between the social club and superorder, but Benton (2005) now positions both of these ranks in a higher place the superorder.
21. ^ Additionally, the terms biovar, morphovar, phagovar, and serovar designate bacterial strains (genetic variants) that are physiologically or biochemically distinctive. These are not taxonomic ranks, but are groupings of various sorts which may define a bacterial subspecies.
22. ^ Gingerich, P. D. (1987). "Evolution and the fossil record: patterns, rates, and processes". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 65 (v): 1053–1060. doi:x.1139/z87-169.
23. ^ Kluge, North.J. (1999). "A system of alternative nomenclatures of supra-species taxa. Linnaean and postal service-Linnaean principles of systematics". Entomological Review. 79 (2): 133–147.
24. ^ Kluge, N.J. (2010). "Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda". Bionomina. 1 (1): 15–55. doi:10.11646/bionomina.1.1.three.
25. ^ Stuessy, T.F. (2009). Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. 2nd ed. Columbia Academy Printing, p. 175.
26. ^ ^{a b} Brusca, R.C. & Brusca, G.J. (2003). Invertebrates. 2d ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, pp. 26–27.

Bibliography [edit]

• Croizat, Leon (January 1945). "History and Nomenclature of the Higher Units of Classification". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Order. 72 (ane): 52–75. doi:ten.2307/2481265. JSTOR 2481265.
• Benton, Michael J. 2005. Vertebrate Palaeontology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-632-05637-one. ISBN 978-0-632-05637-8
• Brummitt, R.Yard., and C.East. Powell. 1992. Authors of Establish Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 0-947643-44-3
• Carroll, Robert Fifty. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Development. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7
• Gaffney, Eugene S., and Peter A. Meylan. 1988. "A phylogeny of turtles". In M.J. Benton (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, 157–219. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Haris Abba Kabara. 2001. Karmos hand book for botanical names.
• Lambert, David. 1990. Dinosaur Information Book. Oxford: Facts on File & British Museum (Natural History). ISBN 0-8160-2431-vi
• McKenna, Malcolm C., and Susan Chiliad. Bong (editors). 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11013-viii
• Milner, Andrew. 1988. "The relationships and origin of living amphibians". In Yard.J. Benton (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume i: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, 59–102. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Novacek, Michael J. 1986. "The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level nomenclature of eutherian mammals". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183: one–112.
• Sereno, Paul C. 1986. "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia)". National Geographic Research 2: 234–56.
• Willis, Yard.J., and J.C. McElwain. 2002. The Evolution of Plants. Oxford Academy Printing. ISBN 0-19-850065-3

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank

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